No CommentsUnderstanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, particularly in individuals over 50. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. While ARMD does not cause complete blindness, it can significantly impact daily activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces.
In this blog, we’ll explore the types, symptoms, risk factors, treatment options, and how to protect your vision against ARMD.
What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?
ARMD is a progressive eye disease that damages the macula, affecting central vision while peripheral vision remains intact. It typically develops due to aging and genetic factors, leading to gradual or sudden vision loss.
Types of ARMD
There are two main types of ARMD:
🔹 Dry ARMD (Atrophic) – 80-90% of Cases
This is the most common form, characterized by the thinning of the macula and the accumulation of drusen—small yellow deposits under the retina. Over time, this leads to vision distortion and, in severe cases, significant vision loss.
Progression: Slow, occurring over several years.
Symptoms: Mild blurriness, difficulty seeing in dim light, faded colors.
🔹 Wet ARMD (Neovascular) – Less Common but Severe
This occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina, leaking blood and fluid and causing rapid damage to the macula.
Progression: Rapid, often leading to severe vision loss if untreated.
Symptoms: Sudden blurring, wavy lines, dark spots in vision, and difficulty recognizing faces.
Early Symptoms to Watch For 👀
Recognizing ARMD early can help slow its progression. Look out for:
- Blurry or fuzzy vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
- Dark or empty spots in the central vision
- Difficulty adjusting to low light
- Fading or dull colors
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult an eye specialist immediately for a comprehensive eye exam.
What Causes ARMD?
While aging is the primary factor, several risk factors contribute to ARMD:
Smoking – Doubles the risk of developing ARMD. Genetics – Family history increases susceptibility. UV Exposure – Prolonged sun exposure without protection can damage the retina. Poor Diet – Lack of antioxidants and essential nutrients can accelerate macular degeneration. High Blood Pressure & Cholesterol – Can restrict oxygen supply to the retina.
How to Prevent & Manage ARMD?
While ARMD cannot always be prevented, adopting healthy lifestyle habits can significantly reduce your risk:
Follow a Macular-Healthy Diet – Eat leafy greens, fish (rich in omega-3), nuts, and vitamins C & E. 🕶️ Wear UV-Protective Sunglasses – Protects eyes from harmful rays. Stay Active – Exercise helps maintain good blood circulation. Quit Smoking – Reduces risk and slows ARMD progression. Regular Eye Exams – Early detection is crucial to prevent severe vision loss.
Treatment Options for ARMD
1️⃣ Dry ARMD Treatment
Currently, there is no cure, but the condition can be managed:
- AREDS2 Supplements – A specific combination of vitamins (C, E, Zinc, Copper, Lutein, Zeaxanthin) can slow progression.
- Lifestyle Modifications – Diet, exercise, and quitting smoking can help protect vision.
- Low Vision Aids – Magnifiers, special glasses, and adaptive technology improve daily function.
2️⃣ Wet ARMD Treatment
Early intervention is critical to preserving vision:
- Anti-VEGF Injections – Medications like Avastin, Lucentis, and Eylea prevent the growth of abnormal blood vessels and slow vision loss.
- Laser Therapy – Used in some cases to seal leaking blood vessels.
- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) – Combines medication with laser treatment to target abnormal blood vessels.
Next Steps: Protect Your Vision with i Care Centre
Early diagnosis and intervention are key to managing ARMD effectively. At i Care Centre, we offer advanced diagnostic tools, expert consultations, and personalized treatment plans to help protect your vision.
📞 Book an Eye Checkup Today! Don’t wait until vision loss occurs—schedule your appointment with our specialists and take proactive steps toward maintaining healthy eyesight.
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